Sewerage installation
Sewerage installation
Liquid waste, which gather at the summer cottage, divided into:
for utility waters (from the kitchen and bathroom);
o solid and liquid faeces.
The task of the sewage system is to discharge liquid waste outside the cottage.
Domestic sewerage consists of downpipes called risers, to which we attach the utensils, and discharge pipes called levels. We usually make domestic sewage systems from plastic pipes – cheap, durable and very easy to install. PVC pipes are connected through a rubber gasket called an "O-ring" fixed in the socket of the socket. To make it easier to push the pipes into the socket, a thin layer of technical petroleum jelly or machine grease should be applied to the outer end of the pipe.
PVC fittings commonly used for domestic sewage systems are available in retail in five assortments, namely:
o kolan – outside diameter 40, 50 i 110 mm and angles of refraction of 20 °, 30°, 45°, 67°30’ i 87°30’;
o inclined tees – on the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the outer diameters 50/40 mm, 50/50 mm, 110/50 mm i 110/110 mm;
about the venturi – with the ratio of the outside diameter of the larger pipe to the outside diameter of the smaller pipe – 50/40 mm i 110/50 mm;
about cleaners – about the outer diameter of the pipe 110 mm;
about attachments – about the outer diameter of the pipe 110 mm.
WHICH PRINCIPLES SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHEN CARRYING OUT HOUSEHOLD WATERPROOFING (risers and drain pipes – levels)?
o drain pipes (risers) must be vertical;
o branches should be as short as possible. Maximum distance of utensils (toilet bowls, wash basins and sinks) is from 1,5 do 2,5 m;
the wires are fastened with hooks, two hooks for one pipe are needed;
o the downspouts should have the same diameter along their entire length, i.e.. from the basement to the roof. The end of the riser should be provided with a ventilation cap. It is allowed not to make a ventilation cap as a closure of the riser, if the septic tank outside the cottage will have a ventilation chimney;
o the diameters of the downspouts are:
– from single sinks, wash basins and bathtubs – 50 mm,
– from toilet bowls -110 mm;
o drain pipes (horizontal) should discharge sewage to the settling tank by the shortest possible route. In addition, they should pass parallel and perpendicular to the house walls without affecting the foundation structure;
o PVC discharge pipes with a diameter 110 mm should have the smallest, the allowable decline is 3% (i.e.. minimum 3 cm lowering the height on 1,0 m of pipe length). However, the maximum decline should not exceed 20% (i.e.. maximum 20 cm lowering the height on 1,0 m of pipe length);
o due to freezing of the ground, the drainage pipes should be laid at a depth:
– 1,0 m in zone I, at hz = 0.80m,
– 1,2 m in zone II, at hz = 1.00 m,
– 1,3 m in zone III, at hz = 1.20m.
